Text Case Converter

What this calculator does

Retyping a heading because it arrived in the wrong case is a small waste of time that adds up quickly, particularly for anyone who writes, edits or builds web pages regularly.

This converter takes any text and produces nine versions of it at once: sentence case, title case, every word capitalised, uppercase, lowercase, a URL slug, snake case, camel case and the alternating form used for emphasis in informal writing. Copy whichever one you need.

It is particularly useful for headings pasted from a document that used all capitals, for generating clean URL slugs from article titles, and for converting a label into a variable name without typing it out again.

How the calculation works

Uppercase and lowercase are direct character transformations. The interesting cases are the ones that require rules.

Sentence case lowercases everything, then capitalises the first letter of the text and the first letter after every full stop, question mark, exclamation mark or line break. It will not restore proper nouns, since no simple rule can identify them reliably, so names need checking by hand.

Title case capitalises every word except short articles, conjunctions and prepositions such as a, an, and, of, the and to, while always capitalising the first word regardless. This follows the most widely used convention, though style guides differ on which words belong on the exception list and whether the last word is always capitalised.

The slug format lowercases the text, strips punctuation, and replaces spaces with hyphens. Snake case does the same with underscores, and camel case joins the words with each subsequent word capitalised.

The formula

Sentence case: lowercase everything, then capitalise the first letter of each sentence

Title case: capitalise each word except short articles, conjunctions and prepositions, always capitalising the first word

Slug: lowercase, remove punctuation, replace spaces with hyphens

camelCase: slug the text, then join the parts with each word after the first capitalised

A worked example

Take the heading HOW TO CALCULATE YOUR CGPA IN A NIGERIAN UNIVERSITY, pasted from a document where someone had the caps lock on.

Sentence case gives How to calculate your cgpa in a nigerian university, which needs CGPA and Nigerian corrected by hand because no automatic rule can recognise them. Title case gives How to Calculate Your CGPA in a Nigerian University once those corrections are made, with to, in and a left lowercase as the convention requires.

The slug version gives how-to-calculate-your-cgpa-in-a-nigerian-university, which is ready to use as a URL. Camel case gives howToCalculateYourCgpaInANigerianUniversity, which is what you would want as a variable name.

Things worth knowing

Proper nouns need checking

No automatic conversion can know that Lagos is a place and lagos is not a word. After converting to sentence case or lowercase, read through for names, places, acronyms and brand names that need their capitals back.

Style guides disagree on title case

Which short words stay lowercase, and whether the final word is always capitalised, varies between style guides. This converter uses the most common convention. If your publication has a house style, that takes precedence.

Slugs make better URLs

Lowercase, hyphenated, punctuation free URLs are easier to read, easier to share and handled more predictably by search engines than ones containing spaces, capitals or special characters.

Avoid shouting in full capitals

Long passages in uppercase are measurably harder to read, because the shape of each word disappears. Reserve it for short labels and headings rather than body text.

Common mistakes to avoid

Converting to lowercase and losing acronyms and proper nouns without checking them afterwards.
Applying title case to a full sentence where sentence case is the correct convention.
Creating slugs that still contain punctuation or uppercase characters.
Assuming every style guide capitalises the same set of words in a title.
Using full capitals for paragraphs of body text.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between sentence case and title case?

Sentence case capitalises only the first word of each sentence plus proper nouns, as in normal prose. Title case capitalises most words in a heading, leaving short articles, conjunctions and prepositions lowercase.

Which case should I use for headings?

It depends on the style guide. Many publications now prefer sentence case for headings because it reads more naturally, while traditional and academic style often prefers title case. Consistency across a document matters more than which you choose.

Why does my acronym get lowercased?

Because the conversion works on general rules and cannot distinguish an acronym from an ordinary word. Fix acronyms manually after converting, or convert in smaller sections so they are easier to spot.

What is a URL slug?

The readable part of a web address that identifies a page, usually derived from the title in lowercase with hyphens between words and punctuation removed. It makes URLs easier to read and share.

Is my text uploaded anywhere?

No. All conversion runs in your browser. Nothing is transmitted, logged or stored.